The Animals From Indonesian
Sumatran
Tiger
The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a
rare tiger subspecies that inhabits the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It was
classified as critically endangered by IUCN in 2008 as the population was
estimated at 441 to 679 individuals, with no subpopulation larger than 50
individuals and a declining trend.
The Sumatran tiger is
the only surviving member of the Sunda
Islands group of tigers that
included the now extinct Bali tiger and Javan tiger. Sequences from completemitochondrial genus of 34 tigers support the hypothesis
that Sumatran tigers are diagnostically distinct from mainland populations.
1.
Classification of Sumatran Tiger
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Mammalia
Ordo : Carnivora
Familia : Felidae
Genus : Panthera
Species : Panthera tigris
2.
Description of Sumatran Tiger
Ø Have several skull, pelage and
striping features in which it is distinct from the Indianand Javan
tigers. It is darker in fur colour and has thicker stripes than the Javan
tiger. Males have a prominent
ruff, which is especially marked in the Sumatran tiger.
Ø The
Sumatran tiger is one of the smallest tiger subspecies. Males weigh 100 to 140
kg and measure 220 to 225 cm in length between the pegs with a greatest length
of skull of 295 to 335 mm. Females weigh 75 to 110 kg and measure 215 to 230 cm
in length between the pegs with a greatest length of skull of 263 to 294 mm.
3.
Distribution and Habitats of Sumatran Tiger
Sumatran tigers persist in isolated populations across
Sumatra. They occupy a wide array
of habitats, ranging from 0 m above sea level in the coastal lowland forest of Bukit
Barisan Selatan National Park on
the southeastern tip of Lampung Province to 3,200 m in mountain forests of Gunung
Leuser National Park in Aceh Province.
4.
Threat of Sumatran Tiger
Major threats include habitat loss due to expansion of
oil palm plantations and planting of acacia plantations, prey-base depletion,
and illegal tradeprimarily for the domestic market, can causes Sumatra Tiger
extinct.
5.
Conservations of Sumatran Tiger
The
Sumatran Tiger Project (STP) was initiated in June 1995 in and around the Way Kambas
National Park in order
to ensure the long-term viability of wild Sumatran tigers and to accumulate
data on tiger life-history characteristics vital for the management of wild
populations.
6.
Food of Sumatran Tiger
Sumatran tiger’s food
depending where it lives and how abundant prey. As the main predator in the
food chain, prey populations retain a wild tiger that is under control, so that
the balance between prey and vegetation that they eat can be maintained. They
eat anything that can be captured, generally wild boar and deer, and sometimes
poultry or fish. Orangutans can also become prey, they rarely spent time at
ground level, and because it's rarely captured tigers. Sumatran tigers are also
fond of eating durian.
Sumatran Elephant
The Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is
one of three recognized subspecies of
the Asian
elephant, and native to the Indonesia island
ofSumatra.
In 2011, the Sumatran elephant has been classified as critically endangered by IUCN as
the population has declined by at least 80% over the last three generations,
estimated to be about 75 years.
The
subspecies is pre-eminently threatened by habitat loss, degradation and
fragmentation, and poaching; over 69% of potential elephant habitat has been
lost within the last 25 years. Much of the remaining forest cover is in blocks
smaller than 250 km2, which are too small to contain viable
elephant populations.
1.
Description of Sumatran Elephant
Ø The
elephants are well maintained can survive up to 70 years, whereas in the wild
with a high threat condition - age could be shorter. Sumatran elephants adult
male height could reach between 1.7 to 2.6 meters.
Ø Sumatra
elephant faces serious threats such as illegal logging, shrinkage and
fragmentation of habitat, poaching and killing of conflict.
Ø Sumatran
elephant population currently is between 2.400 to 2.800 tail.
Ø Sumatran
elephant is an 'umbrella species' for habitat and biodiversity represented in
the complex ecosystem in which they live.
Ø Elephants
consume about 150 pounds of food and 180 liters of water and requires a roaming
area of up to 20 square kilometers per day.
2.
Classification of Sumatran Elephant
Kingdom
: Animalia
Phylum
: Chordata
Class
: Mammalia
Ordo
: Proboscidea
Familia
: Elephantidae
Genus : Elephas
Species : Elephas maximus
3.
Threat of Sumatran Elephant
Due
to conversions of forests into human settlement and agricultural areas, many of
the Sumatran elephant populations have come into serious conflicts with human.
As the results, many wild elephants have been removed from the wild, or
directly killed. In addition to killing related to conflicts, elephants are
also targets of illegal killing for their ivory.
Sugar Glider
Sugar
gliders can be found throughout the northern and eastern parts of mainland
Australia, and in Tasmania, Papua
New Guinea and
several associated isles, theBismarck Archipelago, Louisiade Archipelago, and certain isles of Indonesia,Halmahera
Islands of
the North
Moluccas. The sugar glider was
introduced to Tasmania in 1835.
1.
Description of Sugar Glider
Ø This
male's forehead bald spot is a scent gland. The eyes are adapted for night
vision and the ears swivel.
Ø A
black stripe is seen from its nose to midway on its back. Its belly, throat,
and chest are cream in colour. Being nocturnal, its large eyes help it to see at night, and its ears swivel
to help locateprey in the dark.
Ø The
sugar glider has a squirrel-like body with a long, partially (weakly) prehensile
tail.
The males are larger than the females and have bald patches on their head and
chest.
Ø
Their length from the nose to the
tip of the tail is about 24 to 30 cm. A sugar glider has a thick, soft fur coat
that is usually blue-grey; some have been known to be yellow, tan or (rarely) albino.
Ø Head-body length: 170 mm (160-210)mm
Ø Tail length: 190 mm (165-210)mm
Ø Weight, males:140 grams (115-160)g, females: 115 grams (95-135)g
Ø Heart rate: 200-300 beats per minute, respiration: 16-40 breaths
per minute
Ø Lifespan: in the wild, up to 9 years; typically up to 12 years in
captivity in zoos, maximum reported is 17.8 years.
2.
Reproduction of
Sugar Glider
The
age of sexual in sugar gliders different between the males and females. The
males reach maturity at 4 to 12 months of age, while females require from 8 to
12 months.
A sugar glider female gives
birth to one (19%) or two (81%) babies (joeys) per litter. The gestation period
is 15 to 17 days, after which the tiny joey (0.2 g) will crawl into a
mother's pouch for further development. They are born with a continuous arc of
cartilage in their shoulder girdle to provide support for climbing into the
pouch. This structure breaks down immediately after birth.
It is
virtually unnoticeable that the female is pregnant until after the joey has
climbed into her pouch and begins to grow, forming bumps in her pouch. Once in
the pouch, the joey will attach itself to its mother's nipple, where it will
stay for about 60 to 70 days.
3.
Classification of Sugar Glider
Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Class : Mammalia
Ordo : Diprotodontia
Familia : Petauridae
Genus : Petaurus
Species : Petaurus papuanus
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